Empyema:

Pleural empyema is a common complication of pneumonia in children and increases the already-considerable morbidity associated with this infection. The commonest aetiological agent is S. aureus which cause pneumonia without predisposing epidemiologic or host factors that favor colonization of the respiratory tract and/or that impair defense mechanisms. Tuberculous empyema is a less common complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. All of the cases needs drainage with decortication which improves the lung function and reduces the duration of the hospital stay.